發布者: 奧(ao)伯(bo)特烘干 時間:2018-4-9 11:34:23
一、柿子簡介
柿(shi)(shi)子(zi),柿(shi)(shi)科植(zhi)物漿(jiang)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)水果(guo)(guo),原產地在(zai)中(zhong)國,栽培(pei)已有一千多年的歷史。是一種廣泛種植(zhi)的果(guo)(guo)樹結出的果(guo)(guo)實,主要種植(zhi)地區在(zai)河南、山西、陜(shan)西、河北等地山區,柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)19世紀傳(chuan)入法(fa)國和(he)地中(zhong)海各國,后又傳(chuan)入美國。柿(shi)(shi)樹的果(guo)(guo)實直徑在(zai)5到8厘米左右,黃色至紅(hong)色。柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)含有維生(sheng)素A和(he)少量維生(sheng)素C。
柿樹能經(jing)受約(yue)零下(xia)18度的嚴寒(han)。美(mei)洲(zhou)柿原產(chan)美(mei)洲(zhou),樹形矮小,偶爾(er)高達10米。果扁(bian)平,深紅色(se)到醬(jiang)色(se),果徑3至5厘米,多(duo)(duo)含幾粒大(da)而扁(bian)平的種子(zi)。經(jing)過人工培育后(hou)的美(mei)洲(zhou)柿已經(jing)有了許多(duo)(duo)優良品種,味道也超(chao)過東方柿子(zi)。
柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有1000多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),又(you)根據其在(zai)樹上(shang)成(cheng)熟前能否自(zi)(zi)然(ran)脫(tuo)澀(se)(se)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)澀(se)(se)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)甜柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類。后者主(zhu)要是(shi)來自(zi)(zi)該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“冬(dong)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,成(cheng)熟時已經脫(tuo)澀(se)(se)。而前者(中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)上(shang)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子大多(duo)數屬于(yu)此類)必須在(zai)采摘后先經人工(gong)脫(tuo)澀(se)(se)后方(fang)(fang)可(ke)供食(shi)用,引起澀(se)(se)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澀(se)(se)味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基(ji)礎是(shi)鞣酸。柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)是(shi)世界上(shang)產(chan)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,年(nian)產(chan)鮮(xian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)70萬(wan)噸(dun)。柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo),約有300多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從色澤(ze)上(shang)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)紅柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、黃柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、青(qing)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、朱柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、烏柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng);從果形上(shang)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)圓柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、長(chang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、方(fang)(fang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、葫(hu)蘆柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、牛心柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)土馴化和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)踐中(zhong),人們(men)培育出(chu)不少優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),特別著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有:河南澠池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牛心柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),產(chan)于(yu)華北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“世界第一(yi)優(you)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大盤(pan)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);河北、山(shan)東(dong)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)出(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓮花柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鏡面柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);河南以(yi)及(ji)陜(shan)西(xi)涇陽、三原(yuan)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)出(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雞心黃柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);河南以(yi)及(ji)陜(shan)西(xi)富平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尖柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);浙江杭州(zhou)古蕩一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),被譽為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)六大名(ming)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此外,還有陜(shan)西(xi)臨(lin)潼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火晶柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、華縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陸柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、彬縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尖頂柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);山(shan)東(dong)青(qing)島的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金瓶柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、益都的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大萼子柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)都是(shi)國(guo)(guo)內有名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子。這些(xie)名(ming)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子,皮(pi)薄、肉細、個兒大、汁甜如蜜(mi),深受廣大消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)睞(lai)。
柿(shi)子樹(shu)的(de)栽(zai)培已有(you)一(yi)千(qian)多年的(de)歷史。北宋詩人張仲殊稱美柿(shi)子︰“味過華林芳蒂,色(se)兼陽(yang)井沈朱(zhu),輕勻絳蠟裹團酥,不比人間甘(gan)露。”中國、日(ri)本(ben)、韓國和巴(ba)西(xi)是(shi)主(zhu)要產地(di)。中國產地(di)主(zhu)要在廣西(xi)平樂和恭城兩縣(xian),約占全(quan)國市場的(de)70%,平樂縣(xian)二(er)塘鎮是(shi)全(quan)國最大的(de)柿(shi)子和柿(shi)餅交易點(dian)。
二、柿餅(干柿子)做法
1)人工(gong)晾曬:
1、將生柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)從果樹上摘下來,去(qu)掉柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)的把(ba)子(zi)(zi)。將去(qu)掉把(ba)子(zi)(zi)的柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)固(gu)定在去(qu)皮機器上,進行去(qu)皮,以前都(dou)是手(shou)工去(qu)皮,現(xian)在是半手(shou)工了。
2、用(yong)竹子(zi)編制的(de)特別的(de)籃子(zi)來盛放柿子(zi),放置于太陽下暴曬(shai)。曬(shai)一段時間可以進行松囊了,所(suo)謂松囊的(de)就是用(yong)手按捏柿子(zi),使柿子(zi)里面的(de)果肉徹底(di)軟化。
3、曬制一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)再曬一(yi)兩天就可以用(yong)手捏了,從中(zhong)間(jian)按下,將果肉(rou)往兩旁(pang)邊擠。
4、最后像這樣的柿餅(bing)就可(ke)以出售了(le)哦。
5、如果要(yao)生成(cheng)(cheng)柿霜(shuang)的(de)話,必須要(yao)低溫(wen)環境才好。將曬干(gan)捏成(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)
柿(shi)(shi)餅(bing)放置在陰涼干燥的室內,在低溫下會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)的生成柿(shi)(shi)霜。
柿餅好吃(chi)難(nan)制作,需(xu)要說明的(de)是,在曬制柿餅的(de)過(guo)(guo)程中需(xu)要用到微量(liang)的(de)硫(liu)磺進行熏硫(liu)處理(li)15分鐘(大概十幾克(ke)),主要就是為了(le)防止霉變,滋生(sheng)細菌,顏色(se)變黑。在松(song)囊后(hou)用到一(yi)次(ci),還有(you)就是捏(nie)成(cheng)(cheng)型后(hou)一(yi)次(ci),一(yi)般整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程為10天以上(shang),熏硫(liu)兩到三次(ci)為佳(jia),在曬制過(guo)(guo)程部(bu)分硫(liu)會揮發掉一(yi)部(bu)分,對(dui)于市面(mian)上(shang)的(de)柿子看著顏色(se)十分的(de)鮮艷(yan)的(de),小編(bian)大家(jia)提(ti)醒要小心,很多是染過(guo)(guo)色(se)素(su)的(de),還有(you)有(you)柿霜的(de)大多是用偽(wei)造(zao)的(de)柿霜涂抹在柿子表面(mian),用清(qing)水一(yi)清(qing)洗就可以看出。因為柿霜的(de)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)條件是12月份前都比較難(nan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de),而(er)周期(qi)又比較長,所以基本(ben)上(shang)都是偽(wei)造(zao)的(de)。
2)烘(hong)干(gan)機設備(bei)烘(hong)干(gan)柿餅(bing)
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